Some primary sources that deal with the
position of women in society between 1830 & 1850.

First, here's a letter from Catherine Beecher arguing against the involvement of women in politics:
http://www.osv.org/education/docs/antislavery/relation.htm

Next, we have the writings of the Grimke sisters, abolitionists who toured the South to much controversy. They argue for a more active role for women in society:
http://www.osv.org/education/docs/antislavery/equalsex.htm

Here's the famous Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Fall Convention of 1848. The list of grievances might be good for starting a conversation:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/Senecafalls.html

Finally, here's a short speech by Sojourner Truth that includes her famous "Ain't I a woman?" line:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/sojtruth-woman.html